Improved data retrieval methods, including human interfaces Ways of easing interoperability of design process toolsīetter ways of encoding and decoding data Ways of specifying complex data relationships
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How to efficiently manage large amounts of related data spread over many machines and locations Identify practical open standards for recording and communicating data among parts, assemblies, subsystems, and their network of makers and maintainersįind mechanisms for embedding the information cost-effectively and for ensuring access throughout the life of the part
Identify appropriate interfaces among product design, product engineering, manufacturing engineering, and factory floor procedures as they will emerge in computer augmented work groupsĭemonstrate the resilience of the intelligent routing system with respect to the vagaries of factory conditions Tools to support the brokering of priorities and obligations among cooperating entities, based on optimizing transportation, material handling, inventory, capital, and labor costs Means for identifying the relevant measures and quantifying the relative performance of the alternative systems Multilevel understanding of large-scale systems Presentation tools to facilitate situation assessment and scheduling by the factory manager and operations team Real-time scheduling tools for the flexible factory and the distributed factory The human-machine interface to permit people to interact effectively in this environmentĭynamic shop floor models with high-speed recompute time and the ability to handle numerous variables
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TABLE 3.1 Shop Floor and Production SystemsĪppropriate operating systems, languages, data structures, and knowledge basesĪrchitecture and technology for shop floor equipment and data interfacesĭesign for repairability and the ability to work around equipment crashes, including diagnostic software Increasingly, the materials used will be synthetics, composites, and ceramics. The material-handling devices in the envisioned production environment will extend from the massive to the nano level manipulators will exist to operate on microscopic parts and assemblies. Material-handling devices and materials used are also expected to change. These and other factors will make possible the instantaneous product and process flexibility that will be necessary to compete and prosper. Information will be increasingly embedded in parts and products and read by material-handling and processing equipment, further automating the flow of materials and work in process. Within factories, machine-to-machine communication will be facilitated by standard protocols or interfaces for control, diagnostic, and repair information utilities raw material feed in-process handling finished product disposition, and so on. Information technology will facilitate better communications and controls among contributors to the manufacturing process. What optimal inventory levels to maintain, Which process flow path to follow and when,
In moving toward 21st century manufacturing, information technology will be used increasingly to make real-time determinations of, for example,
This chapter presents a vision of the shop floor and production systems of a factory in the year 2010 in light of these changes, and it describes research needs to achieve the vision. Sophisticated information technology is enabling increased automation of traditional production techniques, as well as new techniques such as stereolithography and material deposition. Sand is transformed into elemental silicon, which is layered on a ceramic substrate to form an electronic circuit these circuits are connected (or assembled) into a vast array of more complicated parts and devices such as radios, televisions, and controls for washing machines, automobiles, and spacecraft. Iron ore is converted into steel in a foundry steel is converted into sheets, rods, and bars in a mill these various forms of steel are fabricated into wire, screws, the structural support for buildings, washing machines, automobile bodies, and so on. To turn design ideas into reality, production (e.g., material modification, assembly, testing, recycling, or information processing) takes place in a factory.